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Book Details :
Published on: 1997-01-31
Released on: 1997-01-31
Original language: English

Charles Birkeland Living coral is a thin veneer, measured in millimeters. Yet this thin film of living tissue has shaped the face of the Earth by creating limestone structures sometimes over 1,300 m thick from the surface down to its base on volcanic rock (Enewetak Atoll), or over 2,000 km long (Great Barrier Reef). About half the world's coastlines are in the tropics and about a third of the tropical coastlines are made of coral reef. Archipelagoes of hundreds of atolls such as the Marshalls, the Maldives, the Tuamotus, and most of the Carolines and Kiribati have been fonned by coral. In addition to enlarging high islands (such as the entire northern end of Guam) and extending and protecting coastlines, ancient biogenic reefs have fonned even larger areas on the present continents. Shallow living coral 2 reefs are estimated to presently cover over 600,000 km (Smith, 1978). Coral reefs are dynamic systems, producing limestone at the rate of 400-2,000 tons per hectare per year (Chave et aI. , 1972). The Great Barrier Reef dominates 2 230,000 km and has grown to this size in a geologically brief period of a few million years. Coral reefs influence the chemical balance of the world's oceans. Roughly half the calcium that enters the sea each year around the world, from the north to south poles, is taken up and temporarily bound into coral reefs (Smith, 1978). Eternal Reefs Living legacies that memorialize our loved ... Eternal Reefs creates permanent living legacies that memorialize the passing of a loved one. For families and individuals that choose cremation Eternal Reefs offers ... Threats to Our Coral Reefs Coral Restoration Foundation The coral reefs throughout the Florida Keys and the Caribbean have experienced unprecedented declines since the 1970s. Local reefs were once dominated by two ... Corals and Coral Reefs Smithsonian Ocean Portal Coral reefs are the most diverse of all marine ecosystems. They teem with life with perhaps one quarter of all ocean species depending on reefs for food and shelter ... Losing Our Coral Reefs - Columbia University Coral reefs the rainforests of the sea are some of the most biodiverse and productive ecosystems on earth. They occupy only .2% of the ocean yet are home to ... Coral reef - Wikipedia Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by corals. Coral reefs are built by colonies of tiny animals ... Coral Reef Bleaching - Marine Biology Organization Introduction Coral reefs are found in circumtropical shallow tropical waters along the shores of islands and continents. The reef substrate is mainly composed of ... Dying Coral Reefs Impact Environment and Economy Richard Vevers has traveled the globe to photograph coral reefs since quitting his advertising job. In 2011 he cofounded the XL Catlin Seaview Survey a collaboration ... Coral Reefs Global Issues Coral reefs are rich in life but are dying around the world. This page explores some of the problems in further detail. Environmental issues with coral reefs - Wikipedia Human impact on coral reefs is significant. Coral reefs are dying around the world. In particular coral mining pollution (organic and non-organic) overfishing ... As Oceans Heat Up a Race to Save World's Coral Reefs Climate change has damaged reefs around the world with rising sea temperatures and increased ocean acidification. Can science help reefs recover?
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